The cube-shaped short bones include the carpals, tarsals, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. The long bones include femur, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, and humerus. Sound transduction - Bones in the ear play a key role in hearing.The bones of the human body are classified into long bones, short bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and wormian bones (intra-sutural). Bones serve as levers to multiply the force muscles can exert.Īcid-base balance - Bones absorb or release alkaline salts to buffer the blood against excessive pH changes. Movement - Our muscles must be attached to the rigid structure of the bones in order to operate. Mineral storage - We store excess dietary minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, in our bones. Blood production - Blood cells are produced by the marrow, which is located in the medullary cavity of the long bones. Protection - Our internal organs require protection, and formations such as the skull and ribs protect the brain and the heart respectively. There are various functions that these bones can serve: scapula).Īnatomists categorise bones into four main groups, long, short, flat, and irregular (everything that doesnt fall into the first three!). The name flat bones is given for obvious reasons these have broad surfaces, ideal for providing protection (ribs, skull) or as anchor points for muscles (e.g. Flat bones are one of the 4 classifications of bone and are found where protection is needed or anchoring of muscles.
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